IRCHA制定的直升机的动作难度７个等级中英对照(第三)

东方

第三级(Level III)
   Level III is an advanced intermediate level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a pilot capable of performing all Upright Flight skills. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of Level I and II, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in all upright orientations.
    第三级属於中上程度，使操控者有能力执行所有的正面飞行技巧。第三级的本质是要能成功地完成第一级与第二级的所有动作，以及增进对於新动作的操控及定位能力。
Nose-in - Hover（对面停悬）
   1.Take-off from the landing area (a 36" or 1 meter circle) to eye-level, hold momentarily.
     由降落区将直升机垂直起飞至与眼睛同高，静止停悬几秒钟。
   2.Either Pirouette or Fly and stop in the Nose-in condition, the preferred method is to Pirouette to nose-in.
     可以采取旋转或转弯的方式，将机头朝向操控者，建议采用旋转的方式比较好。
   3.Hold in the Stationary Nose-in Hover for one (1) minute.
     保持机头朝向操控者，静止停悬１分钟。
   4.The Stationary Hover should give the appearance of being under total control.
     静止停悬时需表现出可完全掌控的模样。
   5.Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
     降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

Nose-in - Circle（机头向内水平圆）
  1.Take-off, move into a Nose-in Hover, hold hover for five (5) seconds.
    起飞後机头朝向操控者，保持静止停悬５秒钟。
  2.Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed away from the pilot, in a circle around the pilot. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
    保持机头朝向操控者，以操控者为圆心，以顺时针的方向执行水平圆的动作，直到直升机到达起飞点的上空。
  3.Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step 2 above.
    以逆时针的方向重覆执行步骤２。

Nose-in - Take-off（对面起飞）
  1.With the helicopter in the landing area, and the pilot standing in front of the helicopter, at a SAFE distance.
    将直升机放在降落区内，操控者站在直升机的前面，并且保持安全的距离。
  2.Take-off into a Nose-in hover.
    起飞後保持对面停悬。

Nose-in - Landing（对面降落）
  1.From a Stationary Nose-in Hover.
    先保持对面停悬。
  2.Land while still Nose-in, with the skids completely within the landing area.
    以机头朝向操控者的方式降落，降落时脚架需完全落在降落区内。

540 Stall Turn（540°失速倒转）
  1.Start by performing a Stall Turn similar to that in Level II.
    开始的程序同第二级的"180°失速倒转"。
  2.Instead of rotating the helicopter only 180 degrees, this time rotate the helicopter 540 degrees (1-1/2 revolutions).
    当直升机停止爬升後，将机头旋转540°（机头朝下）。
  3.This maneuver must be done both to the right and the left of the pilot.
    分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

Horizontal Roll（水平侧滚）
  1.Helicopter flying straight and level.
    先保持水平直线飞行。
  2.Then rolls slowly through one (1) complete revolution.
    慢速侧滚一圈。
  3.This maneuver must be done from the right to the left, and from the left to the right.
    分别由右至左，以及由左至右执行。

Immelmann Turn（英麦曼回转）
  1.Helicopter flying straight and level.
    先保持水平直线飞行。
  2.Then perform 1/2 loop, to inverted.
    执行1/2内浸斗，使直升机成为倒飞状态。
  3.Then helicopter performs 1/2 roll to upright.
    然後执行1/2侧滚，使直升机恢复成正飞状态。
  4.Fly straight and level.
    继续保持水平直线飞行。
  5.This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot.
    分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

1/2 Cuban Eight（1/2古巴８字）
  1.Helicopter flying straight and level.
    先保持水平直线飞行。
  2.Then perform 5/8 loop, helicopter should be inverted on a 45 degree down line.
    执行5/8内浸斗，使直升机成为倒飞的姿态，机头向下45°。
  3.Then helicopter performs 1/2 roll to upright.
    然後执行1/2侧滚，使直升机成为正飞的姿态，机头向下45°。
  4.Level out and fly straight and level.
    拉高机头保持水平直线飞行。
  5.This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot.
    分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行。

Loop w/Pirouette at the Top（内浸斗／顶点旋转360°）
  1.Start by performing a Loop similar to that in Level II.
    开始的程序同第二级的"内浸斗"。
  2.When the helicopter is inverted, add enough negative pitch to support the helicopter, and remove the Aft cyclic control.
    当直升机到达最高点成为倒飞姿态时，增加负螺距使直升机的高度不会下降，将升降舵回到中立点。
  3.Perform a Pirouette while inverted.
    倒飞旋转360°。
  4.Complete the Loop as normal.
    继续完成内浸斗。
  5.This maneuver must be done once with the Pirouette to the right and once with the Pirouette to the left.
    在顶点倒飞旋转360°时，需分别执行向右旋转及向左旋转的动作。

Flying Circle（水平圆）
  1.Starting from a tail-in hover, rotate the helicopter 90 degrees.
    先将机尾朝向操控者保持停悬，然後将机头旋转90°。
  2.Fly in a circle back to the starting point, while maintaining constant altitude, and speed.
   保持等高度及等速度，执行前进水平圆一圈後回到起始点。
  3.This maneuver must be done circling both clockwise and counterclockwise.
   分别以顺时针及逆时针的方式执行水平圆。

Figure of Eight - Nose-in, Tail-in（机头向内、向外水平８字）
  1.Take-off to eye-level, hold momentarily, hover the helicopter out a a SAFE distance and height before starting this maneuver.
    将直升机垂直起飞至与眼睛同高，静止停悬几秒钟，保持安全的距离及高度。
  2.While maintaining constant altitude, speed and heading begin a circle to either the right or the left with the tail of the helicopter pointing to the center of the circle.
   保持机尾朝向圆心，且以等高度、等速度的方式，执行水平圆。
  3.As the helicopter reaches the starting point continue hovering, but in a circle in the opposite direction from before and with the nose of the helicopter pointing to the center of the circle.
   当直升机到达起始点後，改以机头朝向圆心，向另一侧执行水平圆。
  4.This maneuver must be done starting the nose-in circle both clockwise and counterclockwise.
    分别以顺时针及逆时针的方向执行水平圆。

Autorotation Landing（熄火降落）
  1.Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to the flight line, start your Autorotation.
    机头保持与航道平行，且高度不得低於20公尺，开始执行熄火降落。
  2.Try for a smooth constant rate of descent directly to a one (1) meter landing circle.
    保持平滑且稳定的下降速度，朝直径１公尺的圆形降落区降落。
  3.The tail blades must stop before the helicopter touches the ground.
    在著陆之前，尾旋翼必须停止转动。（无安装熄火降落组）
  4.All of the helicopter landing skids must be within the landing circle.
    降落时脚架需完全落在圆形的降落区内。
  5.This maneuver must be done starting from the right and from the left of the pilot. The pilot may stand anywhere they wish during this maneuver.
    分别由操控者的右侧及左侧开始执行，操控者可以站在任意　地方执行熄火降落。